Small business loans range from fast online credit lines ($10,000 in 24 hours) to SBA 7(a) loans offering $5 million at 10–12% over 10 years. The right loan depends on how long you’ve been in business, your revenue, credit score, and what the money is for. This hub compares every major type.
Loan Types at a Glance
| Loan Type | Loan Amount | Typical Rate | Speed | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBA 7(a) | Up to $5M | 10.5–13% | 30–90 days | Established businesses, working capital |
| SBA 504 | Up to $5.5M | Fixed ~6–7% | 60–90 days | Commercial real estate, heavy equipment |
| SBA Microloan | Up to $50K | 8–13% | 2–4 weeks | Startups, small purchases |
| Bank term loan | $25K–$5M | 6–12% | 2–4 weeks | Established businesses with bank relationship |
| Business line of credit | $10K–$500K | 8–24% | 1 day–3 weeks | Recurring working capital needs |
| Equipment financing | Up to 100% of cost | 6–16% | 1–3 days | Specific equipment purchase |
| Invoice financing | 80–90% of invoice | 1–5%/mo | 24–48 hrs | Cash flow gaps from slow-paying clients |
| Merchant cash advance | $5K–$500K | Factor 1.1–1.5 | 24–48 hrs | Last resort — very expensive |
| Online term loan | $5K–$500K | 10–36% | 24–72 hrs | Fast funding, lower credit requirements |
What Lenders Look At
Every business lender evaluates the same core factors — knowing them helps you strengthen your application:
1. Time in business. Most traditional lenders want 2+ years. Online lenders often accept 6–12 months. Startups are limited to SBA Microloans, CDFI loans, or some online lenders.
2. Annual revenue. Most lenders want at least $100,000/year. Some online lenders accept $50,000+. Revenue must be documented — bank statements or tax returns.
3. Personal credit score. Even for business loans, your personal score matters — especially if the business has no established credit. Target 650+ for SBA loans, 700+ for bank loans.
4. Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR). Lenders want to see your business generates enough profit to cover the new debt payment. A DSCR of 1.25 means $1.25 in earnings for every $1 of debt payment — the minimum most lenders accept.
5. Collateral. SBA and bank loans often require collateral (equipment, real estate, inventory). Online lenders typically don’t — but charge higher rates in return.
SBA Loan Programs Explained
The SBA doesn’t lend directly — it guarantees up to 85% of the loan through approved lenders, reducing lender risk and unlocking better terms for borrowers.
| Program | Max Amount | Use | Down Payment |
|---|---|---|---|
| SBA 7(a) | $5,000,000 | Working capital, equipment, real estate, acquisition | 10–30% |
| SBA 504 | $5,500,000 | Fixed assets: commercial real estate, major equipment | 10% |
| SBA Express | $500,000 | Working capital, faster approval | 10–30% |
| SBA Microloan | $50,000 | Startups, small inventory, small equipment | None required |
| SBA CAPLines | $5,000,000 | Revolving lines for seasonal or contract businesses | Varies |
Rates: SBA 7(a) loans are capped at Prime Rate + 2.75% (loans >$50K, <7yr) to Prime Rate + 3.75% (≤$25K). At current Prime Rate of 7.5%, that’s roughly 10.25–11.25%.
How to Get a Business Loan: Step by Step
- Know what you need the money for — lenders want a clear purpose; “working capital” is acceptable, “I’m not sure” is not
- Check your credit — both personal (FICO) and business (Dun & Bradstreet Paydex, Experian Business)
- Gather documents — 2 years of business tax returns, 3–6 months of bank statements, P&L statement, balance sheet, business license
- Compare lenders — get quotes from at least 3; compare APR (not just interest rate), total repayment, and fees
- Apply — online lenders: same-day decision; bank/SBA: 2–8 week process
- Review terms carefully — factor rate vs. APR, prepayment penalties, personal guarantee requirements
Related Hubs
- Business Banking — where to hold your business funds
- Business Credit — build business credit before you need a loan
- Small Business Guide — complete small business financial hub
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