Small business loans range from fast online credit lines ($10,000 in 24 hours) to SBA 7(a) loans offering $5 million at 10–12% over 10 years. The right loan depends on how long you’ve been in business, your revenue, credit score, and what the money is for. This hub compares every major type.

Loan Types at a Glance

Loan Type Loan Amount Typical Rate Speed Best For
SBA 7(a) Up to $5M 10.5–13% 30–90 days Established businesses, working capital
SBA 504 Up to $5.5M Fixed ~6–7% 60–90 days Commercial real estate, heavy equipment
SBA Microloan Up to $50K 8–13% 2–4 weeks Startups, small purchases
Bank term loan $25K–$5M 6–12% 2–4 weeks Established businesses with bank relationship
Business line of credit $10K–$500K 8–24% 1 day–3 weeks Recurring working capital needs
Equipment financing Up to 100% of cost 6–16% 1–3 days Specific equipment purchase
Invoice financing 80–90% of invoice 1–5%/mo 24–48 hrs Cash flow gaps from slow-paying clients
Merchant cash advance $5K–$500K Factor 1.1–1.5 24–48 hrs Last resort — very expensive
Online term loan $5K–$500K 10–36% 24–72 hrs Fast funding, lower credit requirements

What Lenders Look At

Every business lender evaluates the same core factors — knowing them helps you strengthen your application:

1. Time in business. Most traditional lenders want 2+ years. Online lenders often accept 6–12 months. Startups are limited to SBA Microloans, CDFI loans, or some online lenders.

2. Annual revenue. Most lenders want at least $100,000/year. Some online lenders accept $50,000+. Revenue must be documented — bank statements or tax returns.

3. Personal credit score. Even for business loans, your personal score matters — especially if the business has no established credit. Target 650+ for SBA loans, 700+ for bank loans.

4. Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR). Lenders want to see your business generates enough profit to cover the new debt payment. A DSCR of 1.25 means $1.25 in earnings for every $1 of debt payment — the minimum most lenders accept.

5. Collateral. SBA and bank loans often require collateral (equipment, real estate, inventory). Online lenders typically don’t — but charge higher rates in return.

SBA Loan Programs Explained

The SBA doesn’t lend directly — it guarantees up to 85% of the loan through approved lenders, reducing lender risk and unlocking better terms for borrowers.

Program Max Amount Use Down Payment
SBA 7(a) $5,000,000 Working capital, equipment, real estate, acquisition 10–30%
SBA 504 $5,500,000 Fixed assets: commercial real estate, major equipment 10%
SBA Express $500,000 Working capital, faster approval 10–30%
SBA Microloan $50,000 Startups, small inventory, small equipment None required
SBA CAPLines $5,000,000 Revolving lines for seasonal or contract businesses Varies

Rates: SBA 7(a) loans are capped at Prime Rate + 2.75% (loans >$50K, <7yr) to Prime Rate + 3.75% (≤$25K). At current Prime Rate of 7.5%, that’s roughly 10.25–11.25%.

How to Get a Business Loan: Step by Step

  1. Know what you need the money for — lenders want a clear purpose; “working capital” is acceptable, “I’m not sure” is not
  2. Check your credit — both personal (FICO) and business (Dun & Bradstreet Paydex, Experian Business)
  3. Gather documents — 2 years of business tax returns, 3–6 months of bank statements, P&L statement, balance sheet, business license
  4. Compare lenders — get quotes from at least 3; compare APR (not just interest rate), total repayment, and fees
  5. Apply — online lenders: same-day decision; bank/SBA: 2–8 week process
  6. Review terms carefully — factor rate vs. APR, prepayment penalties, personal guarantee requirements
WealthVieu
Written by WealthVieu

WealthVieu researches and writes data-driven personal finance guides using primary sources including the IRS, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Federal Reserve, and Census Bureau.

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